CONCEPTUALISING RESILIENCE LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES OF PADDY FARMERS TOWARDS MALAYSIA NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY AGENDA

The paddy production in Malaysia is characterised as small-scale agriculture, with modest plots of less than 2 ha and approximately 194,000 farmers employed. Majority these primarily rely on low-income agricultural production. This situation was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic first quarter 2020, resulting a 3.11% reduction (17.03 million tonnes) overall output across Southeast Asia. Rural communities are recognised vulnerable must adapt to sudden changes. Despite vulnerability shocks experienced rural communities, especially farmers, resilience sustainable livelihood for staple food main issue be taken into consideration. Sustainable livelihoods, which closely related development serve primary force behind preservation economic well-being areas. concern lack imperative strategies empower key stakeholders ecosystem facing uncertainties shocks. Livelihood Framework has been adopted since 1992 several countries international organisations eradicate poverty. However, this framework raised an generic concept required further enhancement visualise response framework’s adaptability climatic non-climatic insecurity dependent adaptation that based socioeconomic cultural factors, such household composition, gender, asset distribution external instructions.